MacDonald
Summary:
Can chemoradiotherapy lower the risk of gastric cancer coming back after surgery? This experiment found that chemotherapy and radiation given together after gastrectomy was helpful when compared to surgery alone. This combination increased survival and reduced the chance of getting cancer again. The chemotherapy medications used were fluorouracil and leucovorin.
Link:
Citation:
- Macdonald, John S., et al. “Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction.” New England Journal of Medicine 345.10 (2001): 725-730. Available from: 10.1056/NEJMoa010187
Where?
- USA
When?
- 2001 (New England Journal of Medicine)
Impact Factor (IF):
- 72.406
Gastric cancer may be treated with surgery to take out the stomach. But sometimes, the cancer can come back after surgery. This study looked at patients given chemoradiotherapy after surgery. In this treatment, both chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used together. This is done to try and stop the cancer from relapsing.
556 gastric cancer patients having a total gastrectomy surgery participated in this trial. They were randomly assigned to a treatment group after their surgery. Patients in Group B were given chemoradiotherapy after surgery. Patients in Group A were not.
All patients had a gastrectomy surgery to remove the tumor. The diseased lymph nodes were also cut out. Group B patients were given fluorouracil and leucovorin starting the day after surgery. What do these drugs do?
- Fluorouracil (5-FU): this drug stops cancer cells from dividing properly. It may have the name ADRUCIL in Canada.
- Leucovorin: enhances the anti-cancer effects of 5-FU.
Starting one month after surgery, Group B patients underwent radiation therapy 5 days a week, for 5 weeks.
Results: Having chemoradiotherapy after gastric cancer surgery can help patients. Patients in Group B lived longer overall. The median survival was 36 months in Group B. It was only 27 months in Group A.
Also, patients who had chemoradiotherapy lived longer without a relapse of cancer. So, chemoradiotherapy after surgery increased survival and decreased the risk of getting sick again.
Graph 1: Percentage of relapse in the surgery only (A) vs. chemoradiotherapy/surgery (B) groups.